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César Phoebus d'Albret, Count of Miossens
César Phoebus d'Albret, ''comte de Miossens''〔Created ''duc d'Albret'', he was comte de Miossens, sire de Pons, prince de Mortagne, sovereign lord of Bedeilles, and a chevalier des ordres du roi.〕 (16143 September 1676), was a French soldier, a Marshal of France under Louis XIV (his distant cousin), and a court gallant. He was also a cousin of the marquise de Montespan. His faithful attachment to Anne of Austria and Cardinal Mazarin during the Fronde, rather than any military talent, motivated his designation as a marshal of France (1 June 1653). He set aside the name of ''Miossens'' for the grander name of ''Albret''.〔(La famille d'Albret )〕
==Military career==
He first took up arms in the service of the United Provinces, under Maurice of Nassau and Jean de Werth in the Eighty Years' War against the Spanish in the Low Countries. In 1635 he was made ''maître de camp'' alongside his father in a French infantry regiment in the army of Lorraine and commanded a regiment in the siege of Corbie (1636). As a Captain in the regiment of Guards in 1639, he became successively ensign then Lieutenant of the ''Gendarmes de la Garde ordinaire du Roi'' in 1644, and second-in-command during the Fronde.
Though on intimate terms with the young duc d'Enghien, he nevertheless joined the party of Mazarin. On 19 January 1650 he was charged with escorting the arrested dukes of Conti, Condé and Longueville to the donjon at the château de Vincennes.〔Jacques de Saulx, comte de Tavannes, ''Mémoires'', 1858:22.〕 Mazarin's promise of the rank of Marshal was extracted only at the price of pressures brought by court intrigues, in which César Phoebus was supported by his cousin Madame de Montespan, who was soon to supplant the young Louise de La Vallière in the King's affections. The title of duke continued to elude him.
He served as field marshal at the successful siege of Mardyck and at Dunkirk in 1646. "He was then 39 years of age and had served very little, never anywhere as a leader, and afterwards saw no more of war," the duc de Saint-Simon wrote in his memoirs.〔''"Il avoit alors 39 ans et avoit très peu servi, jamais nulle part en chef et depuis ne vit plus la guerre"''. (Saint-Simon).〕 The Abbé d'Aumont, who had taken a box at the ''Comédie'' that the ''maréchal'' commanded for his own, was heard to remark, "A fine Marshal! He has never stormed anything except my box!"〔"Voyez le beau maréchal, il n'a jamais pris que ma loge !".〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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